As with all multifactorial diseases, this is not the only cause, but the fact that some cases respond to simple seaweed or iodine supplementation is profound and important.
Breast Cancer Iodine Therapy
Wednesday, November 18, 2009
Tuesday, November 3, 2009
Natural Insulinomimetics and AMPK Activators (Metformin Alternatives)
Insulin serves to tell cells with a pronounced phospholipid bilayer through which glucose cannot diffuse to produce GLUT receptors which actively take in glucose to fuel the cells processes. In diabetes mellitus, there are several things that compound over time to produce the end-stage disease after many years. Generally, diabetes type 2 is diet induced over many years through excessive sugar in the diet which constantly stimulates the pancreas to secrete insulin. Over time, the insulin receptors literally disappear and become numb in a phenomenon called "desensitization." Then, no matter how much insulin is present, the glucose builds up in the bloodstream because the cells no longer listen to the insulin signal. This excess glucose is toxic, as it autocatalyzes into open-ring and chain-form reactive carbonyls or "Sugar Free Radicals." These SFR attach themselves to any L-Arginine and L-Lysine residues they can find in the proteins of the body, whether it be in the artery, eye, blood cell, or kidney. Yet, this entire process is hypothetically and theoretically reversible both through artificial therapies, and most importantly, natural ones. It is now known that in Diabetes Type 1, Leptin overexpression rescues this defect. Therefore, there is continual hope for those with both diabetes 2 and diabetes 1, that it isn't the end of the world, and "it's just one of those things people get sometimes."
1: Cazarolli LH, Folador P, Moresco HH, Brighente IM, Pizzolatti MG, Silva FR.
Stimulatory effect of apigenin-6-C-beta-L-fucopyranoside on insulin secretion and glycogen synthesis. Eur J Med Chem. 2009 Nov;44(11):4668-73. Epub 2009 Jul 9. PubMed PMID: 19625113.
2: Montagut G, Onnockx S, Vaqué M, Bladé C, Blay M, Fernández-Larrea J, Pujadas
G, Salvadó MJ, Arola L, Pirson I, Ardévol A, Pinent M. Oligomers of grape-seed procyanidin extract activate the insulin receptor and key targets of the insulin signaling pathway differently from insulin. J Nutr Biochem. 2009 May 13. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 19443198.
3: Yu X, Park BH, Wang MY, Wang ZV, Unger RH. Making insulin-deficient type 1 diabetic rodents thrive without insulin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 Sep 16;105(37):14070-5. Epub 2008 Sep 8. PubMed PMID: 18779578; PubMed Central PMCID:
PMC2544580.
4: Aydemir-Koksoy A, Turan B. Selenium inhibits proliferation signaling and restores sodium/potassium pump function of diabetic rat aorta. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2008 Winter;126(1-3):237-45. Epub 2008 Aug 14. PubMed PMID: 18704274.
5: Nishide M, Yoshikawa Y, Yoshikawa EU, Matsumoto K, Sakurai H, Kajiwara NM.
Insulinomimetic Zn(II) complexes as evaluated by both glucose-uptake activity and inhibition of free fatty acids release in isolated rat adipocytes. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo). 2008 Aug;56(8):1181-3. PubMed PMID: 18670123.
6: Zanatta L, Rosso A, Folador P, Figueiredo MS, Pizzolatti MG, Leite LD, Silva
FR. Insulinomimetic effect of kaempferol 3-neohesperidoside on the rat soleus muscle. J Nat Prod. 2008 Apr;71(4):532-5. Epub 2008 Feb 28. PubMed PMID: 18303854.
7: Adachi Y, Yoshikawa Y, Sakurai H. Antidiabetic zinc(II)-N-acetyl-L-cysteine complex: evaluations of in vitro insulinomimetic and in vivo blood glucose-lowering activities. Biofactors. 2007;29(4):213-23. PubMed PMID: 18057552.
8: Yasumatsu N, Yoshikawa Y, Adachi Y, Sakurai H. Antidiabetic copper(II)-picolinate: impact of the first transition metal in the metallopicolinate complexes. Bioorg Med Chem. 2007 Jul 15;15(14):4917-22. Epub 2007 May 5. PubMed PMID: 17531495.
9: Basuki W, Hiromura M, Sakurai H. Insulinomimetic Zn complex (Zn(opt)2) enhances insulin signaling pathway in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. J Inorg Biochem. 2007 Apr;101(4):692-9. Epub 2007 Jan 17. PubMed PMID: 17316811.
10: Yibchok-anun S, Adisakwattana S, Yao CY, Sangvanich P, Roengsumran S, Hsu WH.
Slow acting protein extract from fruit pulp of Momordica charantia with insulin secretagogue and insulinomimetic activities. Biol Pharm Bull. 2006 Jun;29(6):1126-31. PubMed PMID: 16755004.
11: Mueller AS, Pallauf J. Compendium of the antidiabetic effects of supranutritional selenate doses. In vivo and in vitro investigations with type II diabetic db/db mice. J Nutr Biochem. 2006 Aug;17(8):548-60. Epub 2005 Nov 9. PubMed PMID: 16443359.
12: Haase H, Maret W. Fluctuations of cellular, available zinc modulate insulin signaling via inhibition of protein tyrosine phosphatases. J Trace Elem Med Biol. 2005;19(1):37-42. PubMed PMID: 16240670.
13: Haase H, Maret W. Protein tyrosine phosphatases as targets of the combined insulinomimetic effects of zinc and oxidants. Biometals. 2005 Aug;18(4):333-8. Review. PubMed PMID: 16158225.
14: Sakurai H, Adachi Y. The pharmacology of the insulinomimetic effect of zinc complexes. Biometals. 2005 Aug;18(4):319-23. Review. PubMed PMID: 16158223.
15: Pinent M, Bladé MC, Salvadó MJ, Arola L, Ardévol A. Metabolic fate of glucose on 3T3-L1 adipocytes treated with grape seed-derived procyanidin extract (GSPE). Comparison with the effects of insulin. J Agric Food Chem. 2005 Jul 27;53(15):5932-5. PubMed PMID: 16028976.
16: Yoshikawa Y, Kondo M, Sakurai H, Kojima Y. A family of insulinomimetic zinc(II) complexes of amino ligands with Zn(Nn) (n=3 and 4) coordination modes. J Inorg Biochem. 2005 Jul;99(7):1497-503. PubMed PMID: 15921760.
17: Fugono J, Fujimoto K, Yasui H, Kawabe K, Yoshikawa Y, Kojima Y, Sakurai H. Metallokinetic study of zinc in the blood of normal rats given insulinomimetic zinc(II) complexes and improvement of diabetes mellitus in type 2 diabetic GK rats by their oral administration. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet. 2002;17(4):340-7. PubMed PMID: 15618684.
18: Jorge AP, Horst H, de Sousa E, Pizzolatti MG, Silva FR. Insulinomimetic effects of kaempferitrin on glycaemia and on 14C-glucose uptake in rat soleus muscle. Chem Biol Interact. 2004 Oct 15;149(2-3):89-96. PubMed PMID: 15501431.
19: Pinent M, Blay M, Bladé MC, Salvadó MJ, Arola L, Ardévol A. Grape seed-derived procyanidins have an antihyperglycemic effect in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats and insulinomimetic activity in insulin-sensitive cell lines. Endocrinology. 2004 Nov;145(11):4985-90. Epub 2004 Jul 22. PubMed PMID: 15271880.
20: Yoshikawa Y, Ueda E, Kojima Y, Sakurai H. The action mechanism of zinc(II) complexes with insulinomimetic activity in rat adipocytes. Life Sci. 2004 Jun 25;75(6):741-51. PubMed PMID: 15172182.
21: Yoshikawa Y, Ueda E, Kawabe K, Miyake H, Takino T, Sakurai H, Kojima Y. Development of new insulinomimetic zinc(II) picolinate complexes with a Zn(N2O2) coordination mode: structure characterization, in vitro, and in vivo studies. J Biol Inorg Chem. 2002 Jan;7(1-2):68-73. Epub 2001 Jul 11. PubMed PMID: 11862542.
22: Yoshikawa Y, Ueda E, Suzuki Y, Yanagihara N, Sakurai H, Kojima Y. New insulinomimetic zinc(II) complexes of alpha-amino acids and their derivatives with Zn(N2O2) coordination mode. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo). 2001 May;49(5):652-4. PubMed PMID: 11383627.
23: Yoshikawa Y, Ueda E, Miyake H, Sakurai H, Kojima Y. Insulinomimetic bis(maltolato)zinc(II) complex: blood glucose normalizing effect in KK-A(y) mice with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2001 Mar;281(5):1190-3. PubMed PMID: 11243860.
40: Pelletier A, Tardif A, Gingras MH, Chiasson JL, Coderre L. Chronic exposure
to ketone bodies impairs glucose uptake in adult cardiomyocytes in response to
insulin but not vanadate: the role of PI3-K. Mol Cell Biochem. 2007
Feb;296(1-2):97-108. Epub 2006 Sep 8. PubMed PMID: 16960657.
42: Gad MZ, El-Sawalhi MM, Ismail MF, El-Tanbouly ND. Biochemical study of the anti-diabetic action of the Egyptian plants fenugreek and balanites. Mol Cell
48: Coderre L, Srivastava AK. Vanadium and the cardiovascular functions. Can J
Physiol Pharmacol. 2004 Oct;82(10):833-9. Review. PubMed PMID: 15573143.
59: Haase H, Maret W. Intracellular zinc fluctuations modulate protein tyrosine phosphatase activity in insulin/insulin-like growth factor-1 signaling. Exp Cell
Res. 2003 Dec 10;291(2):289-98. PubMed PMID: 14644152.
60: Mueller AS, Pallauf J, Rafael J. The chemical form of selenium affects insulinomimetic properties of the trace element: investigations in type II diabetic dbdb mice. J Nutr Biochem. 2003 Nov;14(11):637-47. PubMed PMID: 14629895.
63: Kojima Y, Yoshikawa Y, Ueda E, Ueda R, Yamamoto S, Kumekawa K, Yanagihara N, Sakurai H. Insulinomimetic zinc(II) complexes with natural products: in vitro evaluation and blood glucose lowering effect in KK-Ay mice with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo). 2003 Aug;51(8):1006-8. PubMed PMID: 12913247.
68: Yoshikawa Y, Ueda E, Sakurai H, Kojima Y. Anti-diabetes effect of Zn(II)/carnitine complex by oral administration. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo). 2003 Feb;51(2):230-1. PubMed PMID: 12576666.
96: Amessou M, Bortoli S, Liemans V, Collinet M, Desbuquois B, Brichard S, Girard
J. Treatment of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats with vanadate and phlorizin prevents the over-expression of the liver insulin receptor gene. Eur J Endocrinol. 1999 Jan;140(1):79-86. PubMed PMID: 10037256.
109: Ong KC, Khoo HE. Insulinomimetic effects of myricetin on lipogenesis and glucose transport in rat adipocytes but not glucose transport translocation. Biochem Pharmacol. 1996 Feb 23;51(4):423-9. PubMed PMID: 8619886.
113: Goto Y, Kida K. Insulin-like action of chromate on glucose transport in isolated rat adipocytes. Jpn J Pharmacol. 1995 Apr;67(4):365-8. PubMed PMID: 7650869.
116: Malabu UH, Dryden S, McCarthy HD, Kilpatrick A, Williams G. Effects of
chronic vanadate administration in the STZ-induced diabetic rat. The
antihyperglycemic action of vanadate is attributable entirely to its suppression
of feeding. Diabetes. 1994 Jan;43(1):9-15. PubMed PMID: 8262323.
117: Watkins JB 3rd, Bauman ME, Beaty TM. Effect of sodium orthovanadate on the hepatobiliary clearance of rose bengal in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Biochem Pharmacol. 1993 Dec 14;46(12):2269-76. PubMed PMID: 8274160.
derived peptide. J Biol
Chem. 1993 Jan 25;268(3):1770-4. PubMed PMID: 8420953.
125: Hadari YR, Tzahar E, Nadiv O, Rothenberg P, Roberts CT Jr, LeRoith D, Yarden
Y, Zick Y. Insulin and insulinomimetic agents induce activation of phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase upon its association with pp185 (IRS-1) in intact rat livers. J Biol Chem. 1992 Sep 5;267(25):17483-6. Erratum in: J Biol Chem 1993 Apr 25;268(12):9156. PubMed PMID: 1381348.
126: Shisheva A, Shechter Y. Quercetin selectively inhibits insulin receptor function in vitro and the bioresponses of insulin and insulinomimetic agents in rat adipocytes. Biochemistry. 1992 Sep 1;31(34):8059-63. PubMed PMID: 1324726.
130: Rossetti L, Giaccari A, Klein-Robbenhaar E, Vogel LR. Insulinomimetic properties of trace elements and characterization of their in vivo mode of action. Diabetes. 1990 Oct;39(10):1243-50. PubMed PMID: 2210077.
144: Pershadsingh HA, Gale RD, McDonald JM. Chelation of intracellular calcium prevents stimulation of glucose transport by insulin and insulinomimetic agents in the adipocyte. Evidence for a common mechanism. Endocrinology. 1987 Nov;121(5):1727-32. PubMed PMID: 3311718.
146: Ng TB, Wong CM, Li WW, Yeung HW. Acid-ethanol extractable compounds from fruits and seeds of the bitter gourd Momordica charantia: effects on lipid metabolism in isolated rat adipocytes. Am J Chin Med. 1987;15(1-2):31-42. PubMed PMID: 3318384.
147: Helm BA, Gunn JM. The effect of insulinomimetic agents on protein degradation in H35 hepatoma cells. Mol Cell Biochem. 1986 Aug;71(2):159-66. PubMed PMID: 3534545.
148: Ng TB, Wong CM, Li WW, Yeung HW. Isolation and characterization of a galactose binding lectin with insulinomimetic activities. From the seeds of the bitter gourd Momordica charantia (Family Cucurbitaceae). Int J Pept Protein Res. 1986 Aug;28(2):163-72. PubMed PMID: 3533814.
150: Yeung HW, Ng TB, Wong DM, Wong CM, Li WW. Chemical and biological characterization of the galactose binding lectins from Trichosanthes kirilowii root tubers. Int J Pept Protein Res. 1986 Feb;27(2):208-20. PubMed PMID: 3084399.
151: Subasinghe S, Greenbaum AL, McLean P. The insulin-mimetic action of Mn2+: involvement of cyclic nucleotides and insulin in the regulation of hepatic hexokinase and glucokinase. Biochem Med. 1985 Aug;34(1):83-92. PubMed PMID: 2996512.
152: Grunfeld C, Jones DS, Shigenaga JK. Autoantibodies against the insulin receptor. Dissociation of the acute effects of the antibodies from the desensitization seen with prolonged exposure. Diabetes. 1985 Mar;34(3):205-11. PubMed PMID: 3882486.
155: Grunfeld C. Antibody against the insulin receptor causes disappearance of insulin receptors in 3T3-L1 cells: a possible explanation of antibody-induced insulin resistance. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1984 Apr;81(8):2508-11. PubMed PMID: 6371815; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC345091.
156: Simpson IA, Hedo JA. Insulin receptor phosphorylation may not be a prerequisite for acute insulin action. Science. 1984 Mar 23;223(4642):1301-4. PubMed PMID: 6367041.
157: Shechter Y. Bound lectins that mimic insulin produce persistent insulin-like activities. Endocrinology. 1983 Dec;113(6):1921-6. PubMed PMID: 6357762.
161: Taylor SI, Grunberger G, Marcus-Samuels B, Underhill LH, Dons RF, Ryan J, Roddam RF, Rupe CE, Gorden P. Hypoglycemia associated with antibodies to the insulin receptor. N Engl J Med. 1982 Dec 2;307(23):1422-6. PubMed PMID: 7133096.
166: Pillion DJ, Carter-Su CA, Pilch PF, Czech MP. Isolation of adipocyte plasma membrane antigens by immunoaffinity chromatography. Insulinomimetic antibodies do not bind directly to the insulin receptor or the glucose transport system. J Biol Chem. 1980 Oct 10;255(19):9168-76. PubMed PMID: 6773960.
167: Beachy JC, Czech MP. Production of insulinomimetic antibodies against rat adipocyte membranes by hybridoma cells. J Supramol Struct. 1980;13(4):447-56. PubMed PMID: 7230801.
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171: Cai EP, Lin JK. Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG) and Rutin Suppress the Glucotoxicity through Activating IRS2 and AMPK Signaling in Rat Pancreatic beta Cells. J Agric Food Chem. 2009 Oct 5. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 19803520.
172: Park IJ, Lee YK, Hwang JT, Kwon DY, Ha J, Park OJ. Green tea catechin controls apoptosis in colon cancer cells by attenuation of H2O2-stimulated COX-2 expression via the AMPK signaling pathway at low-dose H2O2. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2009 Aug;1171:538-44. PubMed PMID: 19723101.
173: Way TD, Lin HY, Kuo DH, Tsai SJ, Shieh JC, Wu JC, Lee MR, Lin JK. Pu-erh tea attenuates hyperlipogenesis and induces hepatoma cells growth arrest through activating AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in human HepG2 cells. J Agric Food Chem. 2009 Jun 24;57(12):5257-64. PubMed PMID: 19459711.
174: Murase T, Misawa K, Haramizu S, Hase T. Catechin-induced activation of the LKB1/AMP-activated protein kinase pathway. Biochem Pharmacol. 2009 Jul 1;78(1):78-84. Epub 2009 Mar 31. PubMed PMID: 19447226.
175: Lin CL, Lin JK. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) attenuates high glucose-induced insulin signaling blockade in human hepG2 hepatoma cells. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2008 Aug;52(8):930-9. PubMed PMID: 18496818.
176: Collins QF, Liu HY, Pi J, Liu Z, Quon MJ, Cao W. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a green tea polyphenol, suppresses hepatic gluconeogenesis through 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase. J Biol Chem. 2007 Oct 12;282(41):30143-9. Epub 2007 Aug 27. PubMed PMID: 17724029; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2408735.
177: Lin CL, Huang HC, Lin JK. Theaflavins attenuate hepatic lipid accumulation through activating AMPK in human HepG2 cells. J Lipid Res. 2007 Nov;48(11):2334-43. Epub 2007 Aug 24. PubMed PMID: 17720960.
1: Cazarolli LH, Folador P, Moresco HH, Brighente IM, Pizzolatti MG, Silva FR.
Stimulatory effect of apigenin-6-C-beta-L-fucopyranoside on insulin secretion and glycogen synthesis. Eur J Med Chem. 2009 Nov;44(11):4668-73. Epub 2009 Jul 9. PubMed PMID: 19625113.
2: Montagut G, Onnockx S, Vaqué M, Bladé C, Blay M, Fernández-Larrea J, Pujadas
G, Salvadó MJ, Arola L, Pirson I, Ardévol A, Pinent M. Oligomers of grape-seed procyanidin extract activate the insulin receptor and key targets of the insulin signaling pathway differently from insulin. J Nutr Biochem. 2009 May 13. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 19443198.
3: Yu X, Park BH, Wang MY, Wang ZV, Unger RH. Making insulin-deficient type 1 diabetic rodents thrive without insulin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 Sep 16;105(37):14070-5. Epub 2008 Sep 8. PubMed PMID: 18779578; PubMed Central PMCID:
PMC2544580.
4: Aydemir-Koksoy A, Turan B. Selenium inhibits proliferation signaling and restores sodium/potassium pump function of diabetic rat aorta. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2008 Winter;126(1-3):237-45. Epub 2008 Aug 14. PubMed PMID: 18704274.
5: Nishide M, Yoshikawa Y, Yoshikawa EU, Matsumoto K, Sakurai H, Kajiwara NM.
Insulinomimetic Zn(II) complexes as evaluated by both glucose-uptake activity and inhibition of free fatty acids release in isolated rat adipocytes. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo). 2008 Aug;56(8):1181-3. PubMed PMID: 18670123.
6: Zanatta L, Rosso A, Folador P, Figueiredo MS, Pizzolatti MG, Leite LD, Silva
FR. Insulinomimetic effect of kaempferol 3-neohesperidoside on the rat soleus muscle. J Nat Prod. 2008 Apr;71(4):532-5. Epub 2008 Feb 28. PubMed PMID: 18303854.
7: Adachi Y, Yoshikawa Y, Sakurai H. Antidiabetic zinc(II)-N-acetyl-L-cysteine complex: evaluations of in vitro insulinomimetic and in vivo blood glucose-lowering activities. Biofactors. 2007;29(4):213-23. PubMed PMID: 18057552.
8: Yasumatsu N, Yoshikawa Y, Adachi Y, Sakurai H. Antidiabetic copper(II)-picolinate: impact of the first transition metal in the metallopicolinate complexes. Bioorg Med Chem. 2007 Jul 15;15(14):4917-22. Epub 2007 May 5. PubMed PMID: 17531495.
9: Basuki W, Hiromura M, Sakurai H. Insulinomimetic Zn complex (Zn(opt)2) enhances insulin signaling pathway in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. J Inorg Biochem. 2007 Apr;101(4):692-9. Epub 2007 Jan 17. PubMed PMID: 17316811.
10: Yibchok-anun S, Adisakwattana S, Yao CY, Sangvanich P, Roengsumran S, Hsu WH.
Slow acting protein extract from fruit pulp of Momordica charantia with insulin secretagogue and insulinomimetic activities. Biol Pharm Bull. 2006 Jun;29(6):1126-31. PubMed PMID: 16755004.
11: Mueller AS, Pallauf J. Compendium of the antidiabetic effects of supranutritional selenate doses. In vivo and in vitro investigations with type II diabetic db/db mice. J Nutr Biochem. 2006 Aug;17(8):548-60. Epub 2005 Nov 9. PubMed PMID: 16443359.
12: Haase H, Maret W. Fluctuations of cellular, available zinc modulate insulin signaling via inhibition of protein tyrosine phosphatases. J Trace Elem Med Biol. 2005;19(1):37-42. PubMed PMID: 16240670.
13: Haase H, Maret W. Protein tyrosine phosphatases as targets of the combined insulinomimetic effects of zinc and oxidants. Biometals. 2005 Aug;18(4):333-8. Review. PubMed PMID: 16158225.
14: Sakurai H, Adachi Y. The pharmacology of the insulinomimetic effect of zinc complexes. Biometals. 2005 Aug;18(4):319-23. Review. PubMed PMID: 16158223.
15: Pinent M, Bladé MC, Salvadó MJ, Arola L, Ardévol A. Metabolic fate of glucose on 3T3-L1 adipocytes treated with grape seed-derived procyanidin extract (GSPE). Comparison with the effects of insulin. J Agric Food Chem. 2005 Jul 27;53(15):5932-5. PubMed PMID: 16028976.
16: Yoshikawa Y, Kondo M, Sakurai H, Kojima Y. A family of insulinomimetic zinc(II) complexes of amino ligands with Zn(Nn) (n=3 and 4) coordination modes. J Inorg Biochem. 2005 Jul;99(7):1497-503. PubMed PMID: 15921760.
17: Fugono J, Fujimoto K, Yasui H, Kawabe K, Yoshikawa Y, Kojima Y, Sakurai H. Metallokinetic study of zinc in the blood of normal rats given insulinomimetic zinc(II) complexes and improvement of diabetes mellitus in type 2 diabetic GK rats by their oral administration. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet. 2002;17(4):340-7. PubMed PMID: 15618684.
18: Jorge AP, Horst H, de Sousa E, Pizzolatti MG, Silva FR. Insulinomimetic effects of kaempferitrin on glycaemia and on 14C-glucose uptake in rat soleus muscle. Chem Biol Interact. 2004 Oct 15;149(2-3):89-96. PubMed PMID: 15501431.
19: Pinent M, Blay M, Bladé MC, Salvadó MJ, Arola L, Ardévol A. Grape seed-derived procyanidins have an antihyperglycemic effect in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats and insulinomimetic activity in insulin-sensitive cell lines. Endocrinology. 2004 Nov;145(11):4985-90. Epub 2004 Jul 22. PubMed PMID: 15271880.
20: Yoshikawa Y, Ueda E, Kojima Y, Sakurai H. The action mechanism of zinc(II) complexes with insulinomimetic activity in rat adipocytes. Life Sci. 2004 Jun 25;75(6):741-51. PubMed PMID: 15172182.
21: Yoshikawa Y, Ueda E, Kawabe K, Miyake H, Takino T, Sakurai H, Kojima Y. Development of new insulinomimetic zinc(II) picolinate complexes with a Zn(N2O2) coordination mode: structure characterization, in vitro, and in vivo studies. J Biol Inorg Chem. 2002 Jan;7(1-2):68-73. Epub 2001 Jul 11. PubMed PMID: 11862542.
22: Yoshikawa Y, Ueda E, Suzuki Y, Yanagihara N, Sakurai H, Kojima Y. New insulinomimetic zinc(II) complexes of alpha-amino acids and their derivatives with Zn(N2O2) coordination mode. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo). 2001 May;49(5):652-4. PubMed PMID: 11383627.
23: Yoshikawa Y, Ueda E, Miyake H, Sakurai H, Kojima Y. Insulinomimetic bis(maltolato)zinc(II) complex: blood glucose normalizing effect in KK-A(y) mice with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2001 Mar;281(5):1190-3. PubMed PMID: 11243860.
40: Pelletier A, Tardif A, Gingras MH, Chiasson JL, Coderre L. Chronic exposure
to ketone bodies impairs glucose uptake in adult cardiomyocytes in response to
insulin but not vanadate: the role of PI3-K. Mol Cell Biochem. 2007
Feb;296(1-2):97-108. Epub 2006 Sep 8. PubMed PMID: 16960657.
42: Gad MZ, El-Sawalhi MM, Ismail MF, El-Tanbouly ND. Biochemical study of the anti-diabetic action of the Egyptian plants fenugreek and balanites. Mol Cell
48: Coderre L, Srivastava AK. Vanadium and the cardiovascular functions. Can J
Physiol Pharmacol. 2004 Oct;82(10):833-9. Review. PubMed PMID: 15573143.
59: Haase H, Maret W. Intracellular zinc fluctuations modulate protein tyrosine phosphatase activity in insulin/insulin-like growth factor-1 signaling. Exp Cell
Res. 2003 Dec 10;291(2):289-98. PubMed PMID: 14644152.
60: Mueller AS, Pallauf J, Rafael J. The chemical form of selenium affects insulinomimetic properties of the trace element: investigations in type II diabetic dbdb mice. J Nutr Biochem. 2003 Nov;14(11):637-47. PubMed PMID: 14629895.
63: Kojima Y, Yoshikawa Y, Ueda E, Ueda R, Yamamoto S, Kumekawa K, Yanagihara N, Sakurai H. Insulinomimetic zinc(II) complexes with natural products: in vitro evaluation and blood glucose lowering effect in KK-Ay mice with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo). 2003 Aug;51(8):1006-8. PubMed PMID: 12913247.
68: Yoshikawa Y, Ueda E, Sakurai H, Kojima Y. Anti-diabetes effect of Zn(II)/carnitine complex by oral administration. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo). 2003 Feb;51(2):230-1. PubMed PMID: 12576666.
96: Amessou M, Bortoli S, Liemans V, Collinet M, Desbuquois B, Brichard S, Girard
J. Treatment of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats with vanadate and phlorizin prevents the over-expression of the liver insulin receptor gene. Eur J Endocrinol. 1999 Jan;140(1):79-86. PubMed PMID: 10037256.
109: Ong KC, Khoo HE. Insulinomimetic effects of myricetin on lipogenesis and glucose transport in rat adipocytes but not glucose transport translocation. Biochem Pharmacol. 1996 Feb 23;51(4):423-9. PubMed PMID: 8619886.
113: Goto Y, Kida K. Insulin-like action of chromate on glucose transport in isolated rat adipocytes. Jpn J Pharmacol. 1995 Apr;67(4):365-8. PubMed PMID: 7650869.
116: Malabu UH, Dryden S, McCarthy HD, Kilpatrick A, Williams G. Effects of
chronic vanadate administration in the STZ-induced diabetic rat. The
antihyperglycemic action of vanadate is attributable entirely to its suppression
of feeding. Diabetes. 1994 Jan;43(1):9-15. PubMed PMID: 8262323.
117: Watkins JB 3rd, Bauman ME, Beaty TM. Effect of sodium orthovanadate on the hepatobiliary clearance of rose bengal in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Biochem Pharmacol. 1993 Dec 14;46(12):2269-76. PubMed PMID: 8274160.
derived peptide. J Biol
Chem. 1993 Jan 25;268(3):1770-4. PubMed PMID: 8420953.
125: Hadari YR, Tzahar E, Nadiv O, Rothenberg P, Roberts CT Jr, LeRoith D, Yarden
Y, Zick Y. Insulin and insulinomimetic agents induce activation of phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase upon its association with pp185 (IRS-1) in intact rat livers. J Biol Chem. 1992 Sep 5;267(25):17483-6. Erratum in: J Biol Chem 1993 Apr 25;268(12):9156. PubMed PMID: 1381348.
126: Shisheva A, Shechter Y. Quercetin selectively inhibits insulin receptor function in vitro and the bioresponses of insulin and insulinomimetic agents in rat adipocytes. Biochemistry. 1992 Sep 1;31(34):8059-63. PubMed PMID: 1324726.
130: Rossetti L, Giaccari A, Klein-Robbenhaar E, Vogel LR. Insulinomimetic properties of trace elements and characterization of their in vivo mode of action. Diabetes. 1990 Oct;39(10):1243-50. PubMed PMID: 2210077.
144: Pershadsingh HA, Gale RD, McDonald JM. Chelation of intracellular calcium prevents stimulation of glucose transport by insulin and insulinomimetic agents in the adipocyte. Evidence for a common mechanism. Endocrinology. 1987 Nov;121(5):1727-32. PubMed PMID: 3311718.
146: Ng TB, Wong CM, Li WW, Yeung HW. Acid-ethanol extractable compounds from fruits and seeds of the bitter gourd Momordica charantia: effects on lipid metabolism in isolated rat adipocytes. Am J Chin Med. 1987;15(1-2):31-42. PubMed PMID: 3318384.
147: Helm BA, Gunn JM. The effect of insulinomimetic agents on protein degradation in H35 hepatoma cells. Mol Cell Biochem. 1986 Aug;71(2):159-66. PubMed PMID: 3534545.
148: Ng TB, Wong CM, Li WW, Yeung HW. Isolation and characterization of a galactose binding lectin with insulinomimetic activities. From the seeds of the bitter gourd Momordica charantia (Family Cucurbitaceae). Int J Pept Protein Res. 1986 Aug;28(2):163-72. PubMed PMID: 3533814.
150: Yeung HW, Ng TB, Wong DM, Wong CM, Li WW. Chemical and biological characterization of the galactose binding lectins from Trichosanthes kirilowii root tubers. Int J Pept Protein Res. 1986 Feb;27(2):208-20. PubMed PMID: 3084399.
151: Subasinghe S, Greenbaum AL, McLean P. The insulin-mimetic action of Mn2+: involvement of cyclic nucleotides and insulin in the regulation of hepatic hexokinase and glucokinase. Biochem Med. 1985 Aug;34(1):83-92. PubMed PMID: 2996512.
152: Grunfeld C, Jones DS, Shigenaga JK. Autoantibodies against the insulin receptor. Dissociation of the acute effects of the antibodies from the desensitization seen with prolonged exposure. Diabetes. 1985 Mar;34(3):205-11. PubMed PMID: 3882486.
155: Grunfeld C. Antibody against the insulin receptor causes disappearance of insulin receptors in 3T3-L1 cells: a possible explanation of antibody-induced insulin resistance. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1984 Apr;81(8):2508-11. PubMed PMID: 6371815; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC345091.
156: Simpson IA, Hedo JA. Insulin receptor phosphorylation may not be a prerequisite for acute insulin action. Science. 1984 Mar 23;223(4642):1301-4. PubMed PMID: 6367041.
157: Shechter Y. Bound lectins that mimic insulin produce persistent insulin-like activities. Endocrinology. 1983 Dec;113(6):1921-6. PubMed PMID: 6357762.
161: Taylor SI, Grunberger G, Marcus-Samuels B, Underhill LH, Dons RF, Ryan J, Roddam RF, Rupe CE, Gorden P. Hypoglycemia associated with antibodies to the insulin receptor. N Engl J Med. 1982 Dec 2;307(23):1422-6. PubMed PMID: 7133096.
166: Pillion DJ, Carter-Su CA, Pilch PF, Czech MP. Isolation of adipocyte plasma membrane antigens by immunoaffinity chromatography. Insulinomimetic antibodies do not bind directly to the insulin receptor or the glucose transport system. J Biol Chem. 1980 Oct 10;255(19):9168-76. PubMed PMID: 6773960.
167: Beachy JC, Czech MP. Production of insulinomimetic antibodies against rat adipocyte membranes by hybridoma cells. J Supramol Struct. 1980;13(4):447-56. PubMed PMID: 7230801.
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171: Cai EP, Lin JK. Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG) and Rutin Suppress the Glucotoxicity through Activating IRS2 and AMPK Signaling in Rat Pancreatic beta Cells. J Agric Food Chem. 2009 Oct 5. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 19803520.
172: Park IJ, Lee YK, Hwang JT, Kwon DY, Ha J, Park OJ. Green tea catechin controls apoptosis in colon cancer cells by attenuation of H2O2-stimulated COX-2 expression via the AMPK signaling pathway at low-dose H2O2. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2009 Aug;1171:538-44. PubMed PMID: 19723101.
173: Way TD, Lin HY, Kuo DH, Tsai SJ, Shieh JC, Wu JC, Lee MR, Lin JK. Pu-erh tea attenuates hyperlipogenesis and induces hepatoma cells growth arrest through activating AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in human HepG2 cells. J Agric Food Chem. 2009 Jun 24;57(12):5257-64. PubMed PMID: 19459711.
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175: Lin CL, Lin JK. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) attenuates high glucose-induced insulin signaling blockade in human hepG2 hepatoma cells. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2008 Aug;52(8):930-9. PubMed PMID: 18496818.
176: Collins QF, Liu HY, Pi J, Liu Z, Quon MJ, Cao W. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a green tea polyphenol, suppresses hepatic gluconeogenesis through 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase. J Biol Chem. 2007 Oct 12;282(41):30143-9. Epub 2007 Aug 27. PubMed PMID: 17724029; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2408735.
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Sunday, October 18, 2009
Sunday, October 4, 2009
Preventing Atherosclerosis in Rabbits Fed 1% Cholesterol Diets w/Yerba Mate Tea
1: Biofactors. 2006;26(1):59-70.
Aqueous extract of Ilex paraguariensis attenuates the progression of
atherosclerosis in cholesterol-fed rabbits.
Mosimann AL, Wilhelm-Filho D, da Silva EL.
Department of Clinical Analysis, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of
Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
Ilex paraguariensis aqueous extract (mate) is an antioxidant-rich beverage widely consumed in South American countries. Here we questioned whether mate could reduce the progression of atherosclerosis in 1% cholesterol-fed rabbits. New Zealand White male rabbits (n = 32) were divided into four groups: control (C, n = 5),control-mate (CM, n = 5), hypercholesterolemic (HC, n = 11) and hypercholesterolemic-mate (HCM, = 11). The daily water and mate extract consumption was approximately 400 ml. After 2 months of treatment, mate intake did not change the lipid profile or hepatic cholesterol content of control or hypercholesterolemic rabbits (p < 0.05). However, the atherosclerotic lesion area was considerably smaller in the hypercholesterolemic-mate group (HCM, 35.4% vs. HC, 60.1%; p < 0.05). In addition, the aortic cholesterol content was around half that of the HC group (HCM, 36.8 vs. HC, 73.9 microg/mg of protein, p < 0.05). In spite of this, the thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) in the atherosclerotic aorta, liver and serum, and the activity of the antioxidant enzymes in liver and aorta did not differ among groups (p > 0.05). The results showed that Ilex paraguariensis extract can inhibit the progression of atherosclerosis in cholesterol-fed rabbits, although it did not decrease the serum cholesterol or aortic TBARS and antioxidant enzymes.
PMID: 16614483 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Related Links
The effect of ethanol extract of Hypericum lysimachioides on lipid profile in
hypercholesterolemic rabbits and its in vitro antioxidant activity.
[Atherosclerosis. 2007] PMID:16901489
Polygonatum rhizoma affects antioxidant defense systems without changing mRNA
expression in diet-induced hypercholesterolemic rabbits. [J Med Food. 2004]
PMID:15383232
Proanthocyanidin-rich extract from grape seeds attenuates the development of
aortic atherosclerosis in cholesterol-fed rabbits. [Atherosclerosis. 1999]
PMID:9920515
Changes in antioxidant defense status in hypercholesterolemic rats treated with
Ajuga iva. [Phytomedicine. 2008] PMID:18068964
Effects of defibrotide on aorta and brain malondialdehyde and antioxidants in
cholesterol-induced atherosclerotic rabbits. [Int J Clin Lab Res. 2000]
PMID:11043504
Aqueous extract of Ilex paraguariensis attenuates the progression of
atherosclerosis in cholesterol-fed rabbits.
Mosimann AL, Wilhelm-Filho D, da Silva EL.
Department of Clinical Analysis, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of
Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
Ilex paraguariensis aqueous extract (mate) is an antioxidant-rich beverage widely consumed in South American countries. Here we questioned whether mate could reduce the progression of atherosclerosis in 1% cholesterol-fed rabbits. New Zealand White male rabbits (n = 32) were divided into four groups: control (C, n = 5),control-mate (CM, n = 5), hypercholesterolemic (HC, n = 11) and hypercholesterolemic-mate (HCM, = 11). The daily water and mate extract consumption was approximately 400 ml. After 2 months of treatment, mate intake did not change the lipid profile or hepatic cholesterol content of control or hypercholesterolemic rabbits (p < 0.05). However, the atherosclerotic lesion area was considerably smaller in the hypercholesterolemic-mate group (HCM, 35.4% vs. HC, 60.1%; p < 0.05). In addition, the aortic cholesterol content was around half that of the HC group (HCM, 36.8 vs. HC, 73.9 microg/mg of protein, p < 0.05). In spite of this, the thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) in the atherosclerotic aorta, liver and serum, and the activity of the antioxidant enzymes in liver and aorta did not differ among groups (p > 0.05). The results showed that Ilex paraguariensis extract can inhibit the progression of atherosclerosis in cholesterol-fed rabbits, although it did not decrease the serum cholesterol or aortic TBARS and antioxidant enzymes.
PMID: 16614483 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Related Links
The effect of ethanol extract of Hypericum lysimachioides on lipid profile in
hypercholesterolemic rabbits and its in vitro antioxidant activity.
[Atherosclerosis. 2007] PMID:16901489
Polygonatum rhizoma affects antioxidant defense systems without changing mRNA
expression in diet-induced hypercholesterolemic rabbits. [J Med Food. 2004]
PMID:15383232
Proanthocyanidin-rich extract from grape seeds attenuates the development of
aortic atherosclerosis in cholesterol-fed rabbits. [Atherosclerosis. 1999]
PMID:9920515
Changes in antioxidant defense status in hypercholesterolemic rats treated with
Ajuga iva. [Phytomedicine. 2008] PMID:18068964
Effects of defibrotide on aorta and brain malondialdehyde and antioxidants in
cholesterol-induced atherosclerotic rabbits. [Int J Clin Lab Res. 2000]
PMID:11043504
Monday, September 21, 2009
Maslinic Acid (Olive Pomace Oil Molecule)
Very interesting in that it is a pentacyclic triterpenoid molecule that shares its scaffold versatility features with several other scaffold series, much like catechin, epicatechin, epigallocatechin, and epigallocatechin gallate which are variations on a theme.
A must read paper on Maslinic Acid.
Importantly, it must be understood that this is NOT olive oil or olive pomace oil, but a compound in olive pomace (skin wax) oil to be very specific. As with all medicine, delivery vehicle, oral bioavailability, Cmax, and pharmacokinetics must be considered before declaring it a feasible therapeutic. It seems good here, and more studies are warranted.
"1: Biol Pharm Bull. 2007 Nov;30(11):2075-8.
Maslinic acid reduces blood glucose in KK-Ay mice.
Liu J, Sun H, Duan W, Mu D, Zhang L.
National Drug Screening Center, China Pharmaceutical University, 1 Shennonglu,
Nanjing, China.
In the present study, we have examined the hypoglycemic effect of maslinic acid (MA) in KK-A(y) mice, an animal model of genetic type-2 diabetes. MA (10 mg/kg body wt) reduced the blood glucose levels in KK-A(y) mice at 4 h after a single oral dose. KK-A(y) mice receiving MA at daily dosages of 10 mg/kg and 30 mg/kg for 2 weeks showed a significant reduction in the blood glucose levels. Furthermore, the results also showed that MA might modulate glucose metabolism partially through reducing insulin resistance in KK-A(y) mice. Taken together, MA may hold great promise as a natural therapeutic agent for treatment of type 2 diabetes.
PMID: 17978478 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
"
A must read paper on Maslinic Acid.
Importantly, it must be understood that this is NOT olive oil or olive pomace oil, but a compound in olive pomace (skin wax) oil to be very specific. As with all medicine, delivery vehicle, oral bioavailability, Cmax, and pharmacokinetics must be considered before declaring it a feasible therapeutic. It seems good here, and more studies are warranted.
"1: Biol Pharm Bull. 2007 Nov;30(11):2075-8.
Maslinic acid reduces blood glucose in KK-Ay mice.
Liu J, Sun H, Duan W, Mu D, Zhang L.
National Drug Screening Center, China Pharmaceutical University, 1 Shennonglu,
Nanjing, China.
In the present study, we have examined the hypoglycemic effect of maslinic acid (MA) in KK-A(y) mice, an animal model of genetic type-2 diabetes. MA (10 mg/kg body wt) reduced the blood glucose levels in KK-A(y) mice at 4 h after a single oral dose. KK-A(y) mice receiving MA at daily dosages of 10 mg/kg and 30 mg/kg for 2 weeks showed a significant reduction in the blood glucose levels. Furthermore, the results also showed that MA might modulate glucose metabolism partially through reducing insulin resistance in KK-A(y) mice. Taken together, MA may hold great promise as a natural therapeutic agent for treatment of type 2 diabetes.
PMID: 17978478 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
"
Sunday, September 6, 2009
Thursday, September 3, 2009
Bone Anabolism from Dried Plum
Osteoporos Int. 2007 Jul;18(7):931-42. Epub 2007 Feb 15.
Comparison of dried plum supplementation and intermittent PTH in restoring bone
in osteopenic orchidectomized rats.
Bu SY, Lucas EA, Franklin M, Marlow D, Brackett DJ, Boldrin EA, Devareddy L,
Arjmandi BH, Smith BJ.
Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Human Environmental Science,
Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA.
SUMMARY: Bone loss was confirmed after 90 days in 50 6-month-old male Sprague Dawley rats that were sham-operated or orchidectomized (ORX). In this study, we have shown that dried plum (DP) has potent effects on bone in terms of bone mass, microarchitecture, and strength in osteopenic male rats. Although these changes may be mediated through the suppression of bone resorption, the fact that the restoration in some of the bone structural and biomechanical parameter shares some similarities with parathyroid hormone (PTH) should not be overlooked. Further investigation is needed on a mechanistic level to clarify the influence of DP on bone metabolism. INTRODUCTION: This study was designed to investigate the extent to which DP reverses bone loss in osteopenic ORX rats and to compare its effects to PTH. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty, 6-month-old male Sprague Dawley rats were sham-operated or ORX, and bone loss was confirmed after 90 days. The ORX groups were assigned to control (AIN-93M) diet, 25% DP diet, or PTH (80 microg/kg) for 90 days. RESULTS: DP induced an 11% increase in vertebral and femoral BMD compared to ORX-controls. BMD in the PTH-treated group was increased by 20.7% (vertebra) and 17.9% (femur). Vertebral trabecular bone volume (BV/TV) and number were increased by DP and trabecular separation was decreased compared to controls, which were similar to PTH. Alterations in trabecular bone of the femur were similar to those in the vertebra, but DP did not restore BV/TV to the same extent. Cortical thickness was improved by DP and further enhanced by PTH. DP tended to decrease urinary deoxypyridinoline and calcium, but did not alter alkaline phosphatase or osteocalcin. CONCLUSION: We conclude that though the degree of improvement was not equivalent to PTH with regard to all parameters, DP reverses bone loss due to ORX and the mechanisms should be further investigated.
PMID: 17554580 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
J Womens Health Gend Based Med. 2002 Jan-Feb;11(1):61-8.
Dried plums improve indices of bone formation in postmenopausal women.
Arjmandi BH, Khalil DA, Lucas EA, Georgis A, Stoecker BJ, Hardin C, Payton ME,
Wild RA.
Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater,
Oklahoma 74078-6141, USA.
Menopause drastically increases the risk of osteoporosis. Aside from drug therapy, lifestyle and nutritional factors play an important role in the maintenance of skeletal health. Our recent findings suggest that dried plums, a rich source of phenolic and flavonoid compounds, are highly effective in modulating bone mass in an ovarian hormone-deficient rat model of osteoporosis. The objective of this study was to examine whether the addition of dried plums to the diets of postmenopausal women positively influences markers of bone turnover. Fifty-eight postmenopausal women not on hormone replacement therapy (HRT) were randomly assigned to consume either 100 g dried plums or 75 g dried apples daily for 3 months. Both dried fruit regimens provided similar amount of calories, fat, carbohydrate, and fiber. Serum and urinary biochemical markers of bone status were assessed before and after treatment. In comparison with corresponding baseline values, only dried plums significantly increased serum levels of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase(BSAP) activity. Higher levels of both serum IGF-I and BSAP are associated with greater rates of bone formation. Serum and urinary markers of bone resorption, however, were not affected by either dietary regimen. The results of this study suggest that dried plums may exert positive effects on bone in postmenopausal women. Longer duration studies are needed to confirm the beneficial effects of dried plum on bone mineral density (BMD) and the skeletal health of postmenopausal women.
PMID: 11860726 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Comparison of dried plum supplementation and intermittent PTH in restoring bone
in osteopenic orchidectomized rats.
Bu SY, Lucas EA, Franklin M, Marlow D, Brackett DJ, Boldrin EA, Devareddy L,
Arjmandi BH, Smith BJ.
Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Human Environmental Science,
Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA.
SUMMARY: Bone loss was confirmed after 90 days in 50 6-month-old male Sprague Dawley rats that were sham-operated or orchidectomized (ORX). In this study, we have shown that dried plum (DP) has potent effects on bone in terms of bone mass, microarchitecture, and strength in osteopenic male rats. Although these changes may be mediated through the suppression of bone resorption, the fact that the restoration in some of the bone structural and biomechanical parameter shares some similarities with parathyroid hormone (PTH) should not be overlooked. Further investigation is needed on a mechanistic level to clarify the influence of DP on bone metabolism. INTRODUCTION: This study was designed to investigate the extent to which DP reverses bone loss in osteopenic ORX rats and to compare its effects to PTH. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty, 6-month-old male Sprague Dawley rats were sham-operated or ORX, and bone loss was confirmed after 90 days. The ORX groups were assigned to control (AIN-93M) diet, 25% DP diet, or PTH (80 microg/kg) for 90 days. RESULTS: DP induced an 11% increase in vertebral and femoral BMD compared to ORX-controls. BMD in the PTH-treated group was increased by 20.7% (vertebra) and 17.9% (femur). Vertebral trabecular bone volume (BV/TV) and number were increased by DP and trabecular separation was decreased compared to controls, which were similar to PTH. Alterations in trabecular bone of the femur were similar to those in the vertebra, but DP did not restore BV/TV to the same extent. Cortical thickness was improved by DP and further enhanced by PTH. DP tended to decrease urinary deoxypyridinoline and calcium, but did not alter alkaline phosphatase or osteocalcin. CONCLUSION: We conclude that though the degree of improvement was not equivalent to PTH with regard to all parameters, DP reverses bone loss due to ORX and the mechanisms should be further investigated.
PMID: 17554580 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
J Womens Health Gend Based Med. 2002 Jan-Feb;11(1):61-8.
Dried plums improve indices of bone formation in postmenopausal women.
Arjmandi BH, Khalil DA, Lucas EA, Georgis A, Stoecker BJ, Hardin C, Payton ME,
Wild RA.
Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater,
Oklahoma 74078-6141, USA.
Menopause drastically increases the risk of osteoporosis. Aside from drug therapy, lifestyle and nutritional factors play an important role in the maintenance of skeletal health. Our recent findings suggest that dried plums, a rich source of phenolic and flavonoid compounds, are highly effective in modulating bone mass in an ovarian hormone-deficient rat model of osteoporosis. The objective of this study was to examine whether the addition of dried plums to the diets of postmenopausal women positively influences markers of bone turnover. Fifty-eight postmenopausal women not on hormone replacement therapy (HRT) were randomly assigned to consume either 100 g dried plums or 75 g dried apples daily for 3 months. Both dried fruit regimens provided similar amount of calories, fat, carbohydrate, and fiber. Serum and urinary biochemical markers of bone status were assessed before and after treatment. In comparison with corresponding baseline values, only dried plums significantly increased serum levels of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase(BSAP) activity. Higher levels of both serum IGF-I and BSAP are associated with greater rates of bone formation. Serum and urinary markers of bone resorption, however, were not affected by either dietary regimen. The results of this study suggest that dried plums may exert positive effects on bone in postmenopausal women. Longer duration studies are needed to confirm the beneficial effects of dried plum on bone mineral density (BMD) and the skeletal health of postmenopausal women.
PMID: 11860726 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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