Natural Insulinomimetics and AMPK Activators (Metformin Alternatives)

Insulin serves to tell cells with a pronounced phospholipid bilayer through which glucose cannot diffuse to produce GLUT receptors which actively take in glucose to fuel the cells processes. In diabetes mellitus, there are several things that compound over time to produce the end-stage disease after many years. Generally, diabetes type 2 is diet induced over many years through excessive sugar in the diet which constantly stimulates the pancreas to secrete insulin. Over time, the insulin receptors literally disappear and become numb in a phenomenon called "desensitization." Then, no matter how much insulin is present, the glucose builds up in the bloodstream because the cells no longer listen to the insulin signal. This excess glucose is toxic, as it autocatalyzes into open-ring and chain-form reactive carbonyls or "Sugar Free Radicals." These SFR attach themselves to any L-Arginine and L-Lysine residues they can find in the proteins of the body, whether it be in the artery, eye, blood cell, or kidney. Yet, this entire process is hypothetically and theoretically reversible both through artificial therapies, and most importantly, natural ones. It is now known that in Diabetes Type 1, Leptin overexpression rescues this defect. Therefore, there is continual hope for those with both diabetes 2 and diabetes 1, that it isn't the end of the world, and "it's just one of those things people get sometimes."

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